City of Vienna, Austria, prohibited the sale of milk, butter and cheese for a time because of an epidemic which was believed to have originated from these products.
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Modern toilet design began in 1596, when Sir John Harington invented a device for Queen Elizabeth (his Godmother) that released wastes into cesspools. Harington invented two elements of the modern toilet: a valve at the bottom of the water tank, and a wash-down system. In 1596, Harington wrote a book called A New Discourse upon…
Elizabeth’s 1580 Royal Proclamation against building assumed national scope with an Act of Parliament in 1588, effectively sanctioning a discourse of building founded on the idea that banning any new, subdivided, or multi-occupant buildings would curb London’s skyrocketing population. A series of Elizabethan anti-building proc lamations was based on the premise that the new and…
The connection between long life and personal hygiene was an important par of Hipocratic medicine and was later popularized by scores of works on proper living, most notably those of Luigi Cornaro and George Cheyne. Cornaro’s Trattato de la vita sobria, first published in 1558, and George Cheyne’s Essay of Health and Long life, published…
The first public sewage plant is believed to have operated in the Silesian city of Bunzlau in 1543. The custom of lighting bonfires on summer festival days was perceived to have “the virtue that a great fire hath to purge the infection of the air.” Pigs were employed as scavengers in medieval towns. Mumford notes…
There was practicaly no improvment in water supply systems in midle ages. In Germany, water works were constructed in 1412 and pumps were introduces in 1527 in Hanover. Franciscan monk constructed aqueduct of Zempola in Mexico in the middle of 16th century. In 1582, a pump was erected on the Old London bridge for the…
First ordinances for control of human excreta and slaughter houses in new world issued by Cortez for Spanish colonies.
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The most ruinous diseases which flourished in the New World were smallpox, measles, influenza, plague and tuberculosis. The last named seemed to be especially threatening to people aged between fifteen and forty, that is, the hard – working elements of the population. The indigenous people of the New World were often affected by several of…
Nuremberg ordinance regulating sale of food.